JBTC2.1

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Notes 2.1

 * earthquake**- the shaking and trembling that results from the movement below the Earth's surface.
 * stress**- a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.
 * shearing**- stress that pushes a mass of rock in opposite directions.
 * tension**- the force that pulls on the crust, stretching rock so it becomes thinner in the middle.
 * compression**- the force that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks.
 * deformation**- any change in the volume or shape of Earth's crust.
 * fault**- a break in the Earth's crust where slabs of crust slip past each other.
 * strike-slip fault**- the rocks on either side slip past each other sideways.
 * normal fault**- tension forces in the Earth's crust.
 * hanging wall**- the half of the fault that lies above.
 * footwall**- the other half of the crust that lies below.
 * reverse fault**- the reverse fault is like a normal fault, but it moves in the opposite direction.
 * fault-block mountain**- when a normal fault lifts up a block of rock.
 * folds**- bends in a rock that form because compression thickens and shortens part of the Earth's crust
 * anticline**- a fold in rock that goes upward
 * syncline**- a fold in rock that goes downward
 * plateau**- large area of flat land that is high above sea-level

**Stress in the Crust**

 * movement of the plates create powerful forces
 * forces are example of stress

Types of Stress

 * shearing
 * tension
 * compression

Kinds of Faults

 * Strike-slip fault
 * Normal fault
 * Reverse fault

Friction Along Faults

 * friction exits because Earth's surface isn't entirly smooth

Mountain Building

 * Mountains formed by faulting
 * Mountains formed by folding
 * Anticlines and Synclines
 * Plateaus