RLNI+5.3

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Vocabulary

 * Sediment**: small solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things
 * Erosion**: occurs when running water or wind loosen and carry away the fragments of rock
 * Deposition**: process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it
 * Compaction**: process that presses sediments together
 * Cementation**: process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together
 * Clastic Rocks**: sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments squeeze together
 * Organic Rocks**: forms where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
 * Chemical Rocks**: forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize

Outline

 * From sediment to rock
 * erosion
 * forces break up and wear away rocks on earth's surface
 * forces include
 * heat
 * cold
 * rain
 * waves
 * grinding ice
 * deposition
 * after sediments are deposited process of compaction and cementation change sediments into sedimentary rock
 * sediments include
 * shells
 * bones
 * leaves
 * stems
 * other remains of living things
 * compaction
 * after millions of years sediments build up
 * layers are heavy and press down on the layers beneath
 * after, compaction happens
 * then, the weight gets really heavy so it squeezes tightly
 * becomes sedimentary rock
 * layers are visible
 * cementation
 * during compaction, minerals in rock dissolve in water
 * goes into spaces between particles of minerals
 * millions of years for compaction and cementation to change loose sediments into solid sedimentary rock
 * Types of sedimentary rock
 * clastic rocks
 * organic rocks
 * chemical rocks
 * Clastic rocks
 * shale
 * common
 * forms from tiny particles of clay
 * feels smooth
 * splits easily into flat pieces
 * sandstone
 * forms from sand from
 * beaches
 * ocean floor
 * riverbeds
 * in sand dunes
 * easily absorbs water through holes
 * conglomerate and breccia
 * Organic rocks
 * coal
 * forms from the remains of swamp plants buried in water
 * limestone
 * made from shells or skeletons (that have calcite) of
 * coral
 * clams
 * oysters
 * snails
 * when they die, shells pile up as sediment on ocean floor
 * after millions of years pressure begins, then dissolved material comes out of solution
 * calcite cements shell particles and forms limestone
 * chalk is most common
 * Chemical rocks
 * forms when minerals dissolve in solution and crystallizes
 * forms from mineral deposits left when seas or lakes evaporate
 * gypsum
 * Uses of sedimentary rocks
 * decorates things
 * covers outside walls of buildings