BCJS+2.1

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=**Chapter 2.1**=

Vocabulary

 * Earthquake**: shaking and trembling from movement of rock below Earth's surface
 * Stress**: force that acts on rock to change shape/size
 * Shearing**: type of stress; pushes rock in two opposite directions past each other
 * Tension**: pulls on crust; makes it thin in middle
 * Compression**: squeezes rock together until folds/breaks
 * Deformation**: change in volume or shape of Earth's crust
 * Fault**: break in Earth's crust where slabs of crust can move past each other
 * Strike-Split Fault**: rocks slip past each other
 * Normal Fault:** a fault that is in an angle so a block of rock lies above the fault while the other block lies below the fault
 * Hanging Wall:** the half that lies above the fault
 * Footwall:** the half that lies below the fault
 * Reverse Fault:** the same structure as the normal, only reversed
 * Fault-block Mountain:** a mountain that is produced by two normal faults
 * Folds:** bends in rock when compression shortens and thickens parts of the Earth's Crust
 * Anticline:** a fold in a rock that bends upward into an arch
 * Syncline:** a fold in a rock that bends down in the middle to form a bowl
 * Plateau:** a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level

Earth's Crust in Motion

 * **Types of Stress**
 * **Tension**
 * **Deformation**
 * **Compression**
 * **Shearing**
 * **Kinds of Faults**
 * **Strike-Slip Faults**
 * The San Andreas Fault is a type of Strike-Slip Fault
 * **Normal Fault**
 * A normal fault created the Rio Grande Rift Valley
 * **Reverse Fault**
 * A reverse fault created the Appalachian Mountains
 * **Friction Along Faults**
 * **Mountain Building**
 * **Mountains Formed By Faults: Fault-Block Mountain**
 * A fault-block mountain is formed by two normal faults
 * The Sierra Nevada is a example of a fault-block mountain
 * **Mountains Formed By Folding**
 * A mountain formed by folding is produced from a collision of lands
 * The Himalayas is an example of a mountain formed by folding
 * **Anticlines and Synclines**
 * Anticlines and Synclines are produced by compression (stress form)
 * The Black Hills of South Dakota are examples of Anticline and Synclines
 * **Plateaus**
 * The "Four Corners" are on the Colorado Plateau