JLKR+3.2

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Vocabulary
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 * magma chamber-** is a chamber that collects magma
 * pipe-** a long tube that brings magma from the magma chamber to the Earth's surface
 * vent-** the opening in the volcano that lets the magma out
 * lava flow-** the place covered with lava when it comes out of the vent
 * crater-** a area that is shaped like a bowl that can form around the volcano's vent
 * silica-** is a material that is made out of the elements oxygen and silicon
 * pahoehoe-** is lava that is moving fast
 * pyroclastic flow-** occurs when an explosive eruption spurts out ash, cinder, bomb, in addition to gases
 * active-** a volcano that may erupt in the future
 * dormant-** a sleeping volcano
 * extinct-** a dead volcano that might not erupt
 * hot spring-** when groundwater is heated near magma the magma becomes a natural pool
 * geyser-** a fountain in the ground that steams and erupt
 * geothermal energy-** when water is heated by magma

How Minerals Form

 * Processes That Form Minerals
 * minerals can form in two ways
 * through crystallization of melted stuff
 * through crystallization of materials dissolved in H2O
 * Minerals From Magma
 * Large crystals form when magma cools slowly
 * Small crystals form when lava cools rapidly
 * Minerals from Hot Water Solutions
 * pure metals that crystallize underground from hot water usually form veins
 * ocean water seeps through cracks in earth's crust
 * water heats up after contacting the magma, then it dissolves minerals from the crust and rushes upward
 * Minerals Formed by Evaporation
 * minerals can form when solutions evaporate
 * Halite formed over millions of years when the ancient seas slowly evaporated
 * Where Minerals are Formed
 * less common or rare minerals are not distributed evenly throughout earth's crust
 * valuable minerals are found in or near areas of volcanic activity and mountain building
 * California's rich gold deposits were found along the Sierra Nevada mountain range
 * common minerals are distributed evenly throughout earth's crust