KFKN

Problem/Purpose/Question
Tell the difference between rocks and minerals using crystal structures.

We predict that after a day or so the water will evaporate and then the salt that is left behind will form salt crystals.
 * Hypothesis**

1 paper plate Some hot water Table salt 2 Dixie Cups
 * Materials**
 * Procedure/ Observations**
 * First you get some hot water that is a little bit cooler than boiling water.
 * Then get a plate and tape the handles of the spoons to the sides of the plate.
 * Then put two tablespoons into the water and stir it until the salt dissolves.
 * After that pour the solution into the spoons and then keep it on the counter for at least 48 hrs.
 * Finally the water will have evaporated leaving the salt crystals behind and you will see that the salt crystals would have grown bigger.


 * **Rock** || **Mineral** ||
 * combined from different minerals and rocks || are pure ||
 * semi-transparent || most are transparent ||
 * has a crystal structure || are made out of elements ||
 * different colors, sizes, and shapes || have special properties ||
 * || has a crystal structure ||
 * || have different color, sizes, and shapes ||

The salt crystals are very fragile, just by pressing on them lightly they will break. The color of the salt crystals is kind of clear and white. The crystals are cubed shaped. They are all compacted together. Towards the center of the spoon there are small bumps of salt.
 * Data/Observations**

Our hypothesis was correct. We predicted that after a day or so the would would evaporate and the salt that was left over would form into salt crystals. But we were also wrong as we didn't predict that the salt would have grown. So we are half correct and half incorrect.
 * C.E.R.**

Problem/Purpose/ Question
How do Igneous rocks form?

Hypothesis
We predict that the spoon cooling at room temperature will have larger crystals than the spoon cooling below room temperature. I also predict that the shape, luster and the texture of the crystals will be different for the spoon cooling below room temperature.

Materials
1. 1 candle 2. 1 spoon 3. 1 cup 4. 1/8 of a cup filled with salol 5. 1 lump of clay 6. 1 tray

Procedure
For salol cooling at room temperature For salol cooling below room temperature
 * Place a very small amount of (less than 1/8 of a teaspoon) of salol in a metal spoon.
 * Melt the salol by holding the spoon a little more than an inch above the flame of the candle.
 * Remove the spoon from the flame.
 * Add a few salol crystals as "seed crystals".
 * Prop up the handle so that the spoon stays leveled.
 * Look at the crystals and draw what you see.
 * Remelt crystals in spoon
 * Rest the bowl of the spoon on an ice cube.
 * Look at the crystals after they have crystallized and draw what you see.

Data/Observation

 * The salol cooling at room temperature formed small crystals
 * The salol cooling at temperature below room temperature formed huge crystals.

CER
Our prediction did come true as the salol cooling under the ice cube cooled faster than the salol cooling at room temperature. Also the crystals were in different shapes.

Vocabulary:
1. Sand: Grains which can be seen with a naked eye. 2. Silt: Grains that are visible with a magnifying glass but not with an open eye. 3. Clay: Cannot be seen except with a microscope.

Problem
How are sedimentary rocks made?

Hypothesis
My prediction is that if I mix all the three types of grain together, then maybe the grains will separate and the sand will sink to the bottom forming the lowest layer, the silt will pile up on the sand forming the middle layer, and the clay will pile up on top of the silt forming the topmost layer.

Materials

 * 3 small cups
 * 1 paper towel
 * 1 plastic cup
 * 1 tray
 * 4 magnifying glasses
 * sand
 * silt
 * clay

Procedure

 * First, observe all three substances
 * Then, make a chart of their properties
 * Then, pour three/fourths cup of water into the plastic cup
 * After that, mix all three substances with the water
 * Observe what happens

Data/Observation

 * ====**Sand**==== || ====**Silt**==== || ====**Clay**==== ||
 * less than 2mm || less than 1/16mm || less than 1/256mm ||
 * feels like silt || fined grained || soft ||
 * has variety of colors || clear || feels like flour ||
 * || feels like sand || easily compacted together ||

CER
Our hypothesis came true as the sand sank to the bottom, the silt was in the middle and the clay was on the top.

= = =What Is It? A Rock or A Mineral= white texture: smooth/ little rough || Mineral || We think it is a mineral because it is a huge piece of a crystal and also because it has the properties that a mineral should have. || tan texture: smooth || Rock || We think its a rock because it looks like it is compressed by pressure and it was either a sedimentary rock or an igneous rock before changing into a metamorphic rock. || black texture: rough || Rock || We think it looks like a metamorphic rock because it looks like it has compressed. || dark gray texture: rough || Rock || We think it looks like an igneous rock. || dark tan, pink with dark black spots texture: rough || Rock || We think it looks like granite because it has the color and the properties that granite should have. || black texture: smooth || Rock || We think it looks like obsidian because it has a very smooth and glassy luster and it has a black color. || off-white texture: rough || Rock || We think it looks like pumice because it has a lot of holes which are in all different sizes and also because it is very light ( as in weight). || variety texture: smooth || Rock || Since it has rock fragments in it, we think it is a type of sedimentary rock such as conglomerate or breccia. || white/off- white texture: smooth || Rock || We think it is a rock because it has a lot of tiny holes like the rock, sandstone. || light pink/white texture: rough || Rock || We think it looks like a rock because it has sparkling crystals || light pink/pink texture: smooth || Mineral || We think it is a rock because it looks like rose-quartz. || gray texture: smooth || Rock || We think it looks like the sedimentary rock, shale. || black with red texture: rough || Mineral || We think it looks like cinnabar. || transparent/ semi-transparent texture: smooth/rough || Mineral || We think it looks like quartz. || light gray texture: little rough to smooth || Rock || We think it is a rock because it has shiny crystals. || gray texture: smooth || Rock || We think it looks like slate because it looks as if it has been compressed and squeezed by pressure. ||
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