PAPA+4.2

toc =How Minerals Form=

Vocabulary

 * solution**- A combination when one part of the solution disintegrates the other
 * vein**- a skinny tube of inorganic organism that is very different from the encircling solids

Introduction

 * Crater of Diamonds State Park in Arkansas
 * people dig diamonds
 * one of the only places where diamonds can be found
 * 20,000 have been found sense 1972
 * How diamonds form
 * volcanic pipe formed in the mantle, 120 kilometers down
 * pressure and heat turned carbon into diamond
 * volcanic pipe is blue rock made of minerals, including diamond

Processes That Form Minerals

 * Minerals used in our items formed billions of years ago
 * Minerals form in 2 ways
 * crystallization of melted materials and crystallization from hot water solutions (crystallization-process by which atoms are made to make something with a crystal structure)

Minerals from Magma Structure

 * Minerals form as magma underground or lava on land
 * once hardened, they become crystals
 * How fast Magma cools, the amount of gas the magma has, and the chemical compositions of the magma make the minerals size
 * the lower the magma is the slower it cools
 * if low, it makes large crystals
 * if high, it cools quickly and makes it smaller
 * if nothing happens to the magma while it's cooling, it will form perfectly

Minerals From Hot Water Solutions

 * Things in Minerals dissolve in hot water
 * underground water heats up in magma along with the elements
 * all the elements dissolve and mix to form solutions
 * it then cools as another mineral
 * Underground metals that crystallize from hot water solutions make veins
 * when solutions mix with dissolved metals make the veins
 * sometimes water comes in-between where plates split and is heated up with rock-forming minerals
 * the solution shoots up and cools as another minerals



Minerals Formed by Evaporation

 * Minerals form when solution evaporate
 * salt + water + evaporation = salt crystals
 * solutions form then evaporate in ancient oceans revealing minerals
 * halite, gypsum, calcite

Where Minerals are Found

 * Earth's crust is made of rock-forming material
 * rare minerals are not spread out as much
 * there are processes that bring rare minerals together