KYTL+4.3

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Vocabulary

 * Gemstone**-a hard, colorful mineral with a glassy luster
 * Ore**-a rock that has some sort of metal or economically useful mineral
 * Alloy**-a mixture that consists of two or more metals
 * Gem**-a gem after being cut and polished
 * Smelting**-the process in which ore is melted to separate the useful metal from other elements ore contains

The Uses of Minerals

 * Minerals are source of:
 * metals
 * gemstones
 * other useful materials
 * Gemstones
 * valued for:
 * color
 * luster
 * durability
 * rarity
 * used for jewelry/decoration/mechanical parts
 * Metals
 * sources of metals:
 * aluminum
 * iron
 * copper
 * silver
 * can:
 * stretch into wire (copper wire)
 * flattened into sheets (aluminum foil)
 * hammered/molded without breaking *iron nails, silver pendants)
 * used as:
 * tools
 * machinery
 * filament in a lightbulb
 * steel girder (building frames)
 * Other Useful Minerals
 * can be used as:
 * foods
 * medicines
 * fertilizers
 * building materials
 * talc-talcum powder
 * fluorite-aluminum/steel
 * calcite-microscopes
 * quartz-glass/electronic equipment/watches
 * kaolin-china/pottery
 * gypsum-wallboard/cement/stucco
 * corundum-polishing/cleaning

Ores

 * metal usually found as mineral that is a mix of that metal + other elements
 * geologists must find ores in order to be seperated

Prospecting

 * a prospector is any who searches, or prospects for ore
 * geologists prospect ores by observing the following:
 * rocks on land surfaces
 * plants
 * stream water
 * one technique:
 * set an explosions to create shock waves
 * echoes of the waves shows the location, size, shape of an ore deposit

Mining

 * Strip Mine:
 * remove with soil earthmoving equipment to reveal ore
 * Open Pit Mine
 * dig a tremendous pit, remove ore
 * these ore deposits were made near the surface
 * Shaft Mine
 * for ore deposits in veins
 * network of tunnel, follows veins containing ore
 * mining may:
 * leave scars
 * cause global warming

Smelting

 * smelting is essential to remove metal from ore
 * step-by-step
 * 1) mix ore with substance
 * 2) heat it up
 * 3) melt
 * 4) seperate from oxygen
 * 5) pour off metal
 * extra processing is to remove residue from iron
 * result-steel
 * stronger steel:
 * metal manganese + small amount of Carbon
 * rust resistance
 * add chromium + nickel