RLNI+4.1

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Vocabulary

 * Ignorance**: a mineral cannot arise from materials that were once part of a living thing
 * Crystal**: the repeating pattern of a mineral 's particles form a solid
 * Element:** a substance composed of a single kind of atom
 * Compound**: two or more elements are combined so that the elements no longer have a distinct properties
 * Mohs hardness scale:** this scale ranks minerals from softest to hardest
 * Streak:** a mineral that is the color of its powder
 * Cleavage:** a mineral that splits easily along flat surfaces
 * Fracture:** describes how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way
 * Flourescence**: minerals that glow ultraviolet light
 * Mineral**: has to be naturally occured, inorganic solid that has crystal structure, and chemical composition

Outline

 * What is a Mineral?
 * naturally occurring
 * to be called a mineral, it has to be naturally occurring
 * cement,brick,steel and glass are not classified as minerals because they can be found in Earth's crust
 * inorganic
 * coal naturally forms in the crust
 * geologists don't classify coal as an mineral
 * it is made up from remains of plants from the past and animals from a long time ago
 * solid
 * a mineral is always a solid and has a definite volume
 * the particles that make up a solid cannot flow freely
 * it is packed really tight unlike liquids
 * a solid keeps its shape
 * crystal structure
 * the particles of a mineral line up in a pattern that repeats over and over again
 * sometimes you can see the crystal structure by itself
 * you have to look under a microscope on to see the crystal structure on some of them
 * definite chemical composition
 * it contains certain elements in certain proportion
 * all the atoms of the of the same elements have the same physical property and chemical
 * Identifying Minerals
 * every mineral has specific properties to identify it
 * hardness
 * to find the hardness, you should scratch the mineral to another mineral
 * color
 * on some minerals you can identify the color by its physical property
 * some minerals have colors that does not match the mineral
 * streak
 * you can observe streak by rubbing the mineral by rubbing it against a tile
 * the tile is called a streak plate
 * luster
 * minerals that contains metals are shiny
 * there are several other names for luster
 * names: earthy, waxy, and pearly
 * density
 * one way to identify the weight of a mineral is to feel it with your hands
 * using your hands with your weight is a rough measure of density
 * geologists use a balance to measure the density
 * it is also put into the water to identify how much water it displaces
 * dividing the sample's mass by its volume gives the density of the mineral
 * crystal systems
 * the crystals of each mineral grow atom by atom to form the mineral's crystal shape
 * geologists identify these minerals into six groups
 * crystals that grow in open space can almost form perfectly
 * crystals that grow in small space are often incompletely formed
 * cleavage and fracture
 * whether a mineral has cleavage, it all depends on how the atom in the crystal is arranged
 * geologists use a lot of different terms to describe fracture
 * special properties
 * fluorescence
 * electrical properties