JLKP+4.1

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**Vocabulary**

 * inorganic**-an inorganic mineral can't arise from materials that were once part of a living thing
 * crystal**- a solid that is formed by the repeated pattern of a mineral's particles
 * elements**- a substance composed of only one kind of atom
 * compound**- two or more elements mixed up/ combined
 * Moh's hardness scale**- a scale that ranks the hardness of minerals from 1 through 10
 * streak**- the color of a mineral's powder
 * luster**- the term to describe how a mineral reflects light from its surface
 * cleavage**- the term to describe if the mineral splits along flat edges
 * fracture**- the term that describes how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an abnormal way
 * florescence**- the term to describe whether a mineral glows under ultraviolet light or not

**Outline**

 * What is a Mineral?
 * many different minerals
 * 3,000 minerals known
 * 100 common
 * 20 minerals make up Earth's crust
 * natural occurring minerals
 * to be a mineral, it has to be formed naturally (not made or manufactured by man-kind)
 * inorganic
 * a mineral cannot be made from an object/material that was part of a living thing
 * coal is not a mineral because it comes from the remains of plants and animals from a long time ago
 * solid
 * a mineral must be solid to be a mineral
 * crystal structure
 * a mineral has to have a certain crystal structure
 * the pattern is what forms a crystal
 * definite chemical composition
 * minerals consist of a sure proportion of element
 * most minerals are compounds
 * Identifying Minerals
 * different minerals can look the same
 * pyrite was often mistaken for gold during the gold rush
 * ways to differnciate minerals
 * color is not a good way to tell apart minerals
 * because minerals can share the same color
 * every mineral has a specific property that will tell it apart from everything else
 * you can do experiments to identify rocks
 * hardness
 * Mohs Hardness Scale
 * created by Friedrich Mohs
 * it has ten minerals that are reanked from softest to hardest
 * color
 * can only identify a couple minerals who don't share their color with any other mineral
 * malachite is always green
 * azurite is always blue
 * streak
 * streak is the color of the mineral's powder
 * to do a streak test, rub it against a piece of tile that is not glazed (that is called a streak plate)
 * the streak and the color of the actual mineral are almost always different
 * pyrite's streak is greenish black
 * gold's streak is golden yellow
 * luster
 * luster is how a mineral looks when light reflects off it's surface
 * shiny materials usually have metals in them
 * galena (which contains led, a metal) has a shiny luster
 * quartz has a glassy luster
 * terms to describe luster
 * earthy, waxy, pearly, metallic, bright
 * density
 * the density will always be the same for each mineral no matter how big or small it is
 * ways to measure or compare density
 * pick up two different minerals and see which one is heavier
 * the heavier one is more dense
 * geologists use a balance or they place the mineral in water to see how much it displaces
 * crystal systems
 * crystal structure is formed atom by atom
 * geologists sort the different structures into six groups called crystal systems
 * it is based on the number and angle of the faces of the crystal
 * names of crystal systems
 * cubic, hexagonal, tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, and triclinic
 * cleavage and fracture
 * cleavage is only found in certain minerals depending on how their atoms are arranged
 * minerals with fracture
 * quartz, copper, and iron
 * special properties
 * fluorescence is a special property found in only certain minerals
 * shalite is fluorescence
 * magnetism
 * lodestone is magnitized
 * radioactive
 * uraninite is an example of a radioactive mineral
 * reaction to chemicals
 * calcite fizzes when you drop a drop of vinegar on it
 * electrical properties
 * quartz
 * is often used in watches, microphones, and radio transmitters because of its electrical properties