ESAY+2.3

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Earthquake hazards and safety

 * 1.how earthquake cause damage**
 * -the severe shaking produced by seismic waves can cause damage or destroy buildings and bridges ,topple utility poles,and fracture gas and water mains


 * 2.local soil conditions** :-when seismic waves move from hard soil,dense rocked to loosely packed soil they permit energy in the soil.


 * 3.liquefaction:-**the process in which a solid (soil) takes on the characteristics of a liquid as a result of an increase in pore pressure and a reduction in stress. In other words, solid ground turns to jelly.


 * 4.aftershocks:-**The series of smaller earthquakes that follow a major earthquake.


 * 5.tsunamis:-**An ocean wave generated by a submarine earthquake, volcano or landslide. (Also known as a seismic sea wave, and incorrectly as a tidal wave).


 * 6.choice of location:-**the location of building affects the type of damage it may suffer during an earthquake.


 * 7.construction**:-the way in which a building is constructed determines whether it can withstand an earthquake.

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 * how earthquake cause damage**
 * -the severe shaking produced by seismic waves can cause damage or destroy buildings and bridges ,topple utility poles,and fracture gas and water mains


 * making buildings safer:-most earthquake - related deaths and injuries result from damage to buildings or other structures.to reduce earthquake damage new buildings must be made stronger and more flexible .older buildings must be modified to withstand stronger quakes**


 * protecting yourself during an earthquake:-**1.) If an earthquake is occuring the most important thing to do is to DROP and COVER. Drop and cover means to fall on to the floor and get under something for protection. During an earthquake, if you are indoors, it is very important to stay calm and take cover under a heavy object.

2.) If you are outdoors, stay as far away from buildings as possible.

3.) Stay away from glass or anything that could fall.

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